10 分钟编写一个 Telegram Bot

2019-11-21T02:02:00

本文使用 Flask 框架和 pyTelegramBotAPI 开发,前提是你有一台能访问国际互联网,并使用 NGINX 部署了 HTTPS 网站的服务器。

安装依赖

首先安装 Python3

# Debain 9+ / Ubuntu 18+
apt install -y python3

# CentOS 7+
yum install -y epel-release
yum install -y python3

随后 创建项目目录,创建 virtualenv

PROJECT_PATH=/usr/local/etc/tgbot
mkdir -p $PROJECT_PATH
cd $PROJECT_PATH
pip3 install virtualenv
virtualenv --python python3 --no-site-packages env

最后安装核心依赖 flaskpyTelegramBotAPI,以及 python 与 nginx 间的高性能网关 uwsgi

source env/bin/activate
pip3 install uwsgi
pip3 install flask
pip3 install pyTelegramBotAPI
deactivate

编写测试代码

首先编写核心逻辑文件 tgbot.py,只需要修改 API_TOKENWEBHOOK_HOST,端口不修改,后文采用 nginx 反代

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import time
import telebot
from flask import Flask, request, abort

# Bot Token
API_TOKEN = '123456789:BAF9kk9nneRpG5ktIeeT-YiOIz81GRBHDUk'
# 域名
WEBHOOK_HOST = 'logi.im'
# 端口
WEBHOOK_PORT = 443

WEBHOOK_URL_BASE = "https://%s:%s" % (WEBHOOK_HOST, WEBHOOK_PORT)
WEBHOOK_URL_PATH = "/%s/" % (API_TOKEN)

app = Flask(__name__)
bot = telebot.TeleBot(API_TOKEN, threaded=False)


# Flask Webhook 入口
@app.route(WEBHOOK_URL_PATH, methods=['POST'])
def webhook():
    if request.headers.get('content-type') == 'application/json':
        json_string = request.get_data().decode('utf-8')
        update = telebot.types.Update.de_json(json_string)
        bot.process_new_updates([update])
        return 'got it.'
    else:
        abort(403)


# 响应 start 命令
@bot.message_handler(commands=['start'])
def send_welcome(message):
    bot.send_message(message.chat.id, 'welcome!')


bot.remove_webhook()
time.sleep(3)
bot.set_webhook(url=WEBHOOK_URL_BASE + WEBHOOK_URL_PATH)

编写生产环境配置

首先编写 uwsgi 网关配置 tgbot.ini

[uwsgi]
project = tgbot
base = /usr/local/etc
chdir = %(base)/%(project)
wsgi-file = %(chdir)/tgbot.py
callable = app

socket = %(chdir)/%(project).sock
chmod-socket = 666

vacuum = true
processes = 4
threads = 2

接着编写启动脚本 tgbot.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash
cd /usr/local/etc/tgbot
source env/bin/activate
uwsgi tgbot.ini

随后编写开机自启服务 tgbot.service

[Unit]
Description=Tgbot Service
After=network.target
Wants=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
PIDFile=/run/tgbot.pid
WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/etc/tgbot
ExecStart=/usr/local/etc/tgbot/tgbot.sh
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

接下来 启动服务 并将其 加入开机自启

cp tgbot.service /etc/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start tgbot
systemctl enable tgbot

最后配置 nginx 反代

# 在已部署的 HTTPS 网站配置中添加 location 块,路径为 Bot Token
location /123456789:BAF9kk9nneRpG5ktIeeT-YiOIz81GRBHDUk {
    include uwsgi_params;
    uwsgi_pass unix:/usr/local/etc/tgbot/tgbot.sock;
}

重启 nginx。

nginx -s reload

测试 Bot

私聊机器人,发送 /start 观察其是否响应 welcome!

后续开发

接下来,只需在 tgbot.py 中编写更多处理函数,即可丰富该 BOT 功能。每次修改代码后使用以下命令重启。

systemctl restart tgbot
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